Innovative Teaching needs to be valued

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I have completed the Provincial Instructor Diploma Program!

I would like to thank the dedicated faculty in the School of Instructor Education at VCC for their continued support and inspiration!

Instead of a new entry, I’m sharing an older entry that is worth re-reading:

“There needs to be a consistent message that teaching is valued.” (Bowen, 2012, p.248)

This quote conveys the paradigm shift that is occurring in higher education, the desire to move forward with innovative teaching strategies that foster intrinsic motivation, active learning and student engagement (Barkley, 2010). “The real product is learning” (Bowen, 2012, p.259) as opposed to content delivery and if higher education is to survive, it must encourage faculty to leap into this innovative realm and create a product that delivers, aligns with institutional learning outcomes and encourages lifelong learning. As a result, faculty whose primary concern is to focus on student-centered approaches that promote visible learning, need to feel encouraged, supported and valued. To promote a large-scale change there needs to be new infrastructure: new initiatives, encouragement, support systems and modeling (Bowen, 2012). Accountability to high standards of teaching is just as important as high standards in research, thus, if faculty fail to acknowledge the technological advances, critical thinking skills and meta- cognitive implications and remain attached to outdated behavioristic content delivery methods, new infrastructure is beyond essential. Institutions need to demonstrate that teaching is valued, that risk is supported and failure is tolerated. Faculty should be encouraged to experiment with innovative instructional strategies, curriculum design, hybrid courses and alternate means of assessments. Researching your practice through the use of guided written reflections, is an excellent means of gaining insight into the reality of the teaching quality and impact and in establishing a caring connection between educator and student.

The immediate reaction to this quote is “Hallelujah!!”. I have been involved as a research assistant in the research project on the impact of Review & Reflect journals as a strategy to establish trust, increase communication and gain insight into ones teaching practices and their efficacy. Educator self-assessment and student evaluations can be significantly different, and it is important to occasionally adopt a learner perspective. The only impediment is the reluctance of institutions to adapt to the research findings and dismiss a manner of teaching that has been prevalent for decades. Educators that value current research findings in the improvement of their teaching along with technological advances, should be encouraged, supported and frankly even rewarded, as they are the cornerstone of institutional evolution, and only those institutions that adapt, restructure and innovate will remain in the ever changing landscape of higher education.

Over 800 meta-analyses have been investigated by John Hattie, and all the research indicates that teacher-student relationships, meta-cognitive strategies and self-assessments are the top three factors with the greatest impact on student achievement (Hattie, 2009). Why is it then, that so few faculty use instructional strategies, curriculum design and technological enhancements to promote student success? Could it be perhaps that the same educators were not supported, encouraged or perhaps even criticized when taking the leap into innovation with the ultimate goal to improve their teaching? What professional development methods are in place to ensure that adaptation, restructure and innovation is valued? What reward system is in place for faculty that take risks and what tolerance level is there for failure? Are there workshops to introduce facilitation methods in online learning, examine learning management systems and keep up to date with the most innovative research in teaching and learning? Intrinsic motivation is just as important for faculty as it is for students, thus what real expectancy do institutions enforce if they do not provide the necessary support for their faculty to pursue better teaching practices? The power load formula by McClusky, refers to motivation as an equation, where desire, physical health, support and stability refer to power, and form a relationship with load, which refers to commitments, work responsibilities and goals (Merriam & Bierema, 2014). This formula has implications for educators, those that want to improve their teaching practices are constrained by accountability if a proper support system that tolerates failure is not in place. Educators also value autonomy, mastery and purpose, thus, constricting their innovative practices drastically reduces their motivation for meaningful learning outcomes, progression and evolution (Bowen, 2012). Naked teaching is a very good text that emphasizes the potential loss if improved learning is not an ultimate institutional goal.

 

As a result, how does one commence in the progress of being transparent in regard to the importance of valuing teaching. The road to success may be a slow and difficult one, yet it must start with the desire to focus on student-centered teaching. Educational materials such as textbooks can be purchased by the institution and made available at little to no cost to educators, in addition to technologies such as tablets or a personal laptop (Bowen, 2012). Furthermore, educational resources such as scholarly articles, podcasts, digital presentations and videos that highlight some of the most valuable instructional strategies should also be readily available and their use rewarded via simple systems such as badges, certificates or even a mere appreciative lunch. Collaborative workshops, conferences and other experiences should also be encouraged by the institution, and technological advances should allow for more interactions via web-conferencing and other platforms. One new platform I was recently made aware of was Blackboard collaborate, and upon using it, I was very pleased with it. Other tools such as GoogleDocs, which again, I was recently introduced to, allowed me to comprehend the potential for collaborative interdisciplinary learning for faculty all in the aim to enhance their current practices and adapt to better meet the diverse needs of their students. The research, the tools, the redesigns are all “means to an end” (Bowen, 2012, p.266), yet the ultimate goal is to foster improved and more meaningful student-educator interactions and occasionally you “have to learn by doing” (Bowen, 2012, p.273). This allows the opportunity to model the desire for change, the learning that occurs as a result of failure and the need for lifelong adaptation and research. The educators that value their students and seek to improve their teaching should be appreciated, recognized, encouraged and within time, the institution that makes student learning a goal and a priority, will use the appropriate techniques to convey that to faculty and offer them support in moving forward.

 

 

The purpose of Evaluation

Evaluation provides critical feedback to the learning process, thus it is imperative that evaluation be helpful. It must be clear, immediate, regular, accessible, individualized, affirming, future-oriented, justifiable, educative and selective.

Prior to deciding on assessment strategies, one must dissect the purpose of evaluation, how it aligns with the personal teaching philosophy as well as institutional goals. Here are the nine purposes of evaluation (Fenwick & Parsons, 2009).

If you were to re-arrange these purposes by importance, 1 being the most important and 9 being the least important, what would it look like?

  1. To compare actual learner performance to the goals of the instruction.
  2. To help learners make decisions regarding future actions.
  3. To monitor learner progress.
  4. To assess instructional strategies.
  5. To revise the program.
  6. To provide information for other stakeholders.
  7. To assess a learner’s background knowledge.
  8. To determine learner satisfaction.
  9. To develop self-assessment in learners.

I believe learner progress and satisfaction to be two crucial aspects that should be considered in evaluation. If the learner has no insight regarding their progress, it will decrease their satisfaction with the educational program and make it more challenging to take appropriate  decisions regarding future learning endeavours.

Thus, please reflect, what is the purpose of your evaluation?

joy of learning

Credit:imageck.com

“Teaching without learning is just talking!”- Patricia Cross.

Teacher Designed Feedback Forms

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Credit: nvrcease2learn.com

The ultimate question is: how can educators gain authentic insights into student learning in order to improve the scholarship of teaching and learning?

The reflective practitioner strives to comprehend how “students are experiencing their learning and perceiving [teacher’s] actions” (Brookfield, 2006, p.35).

Teacher designed feedback forms are short, simple, course specific, instructor designed  feedback forms,aimed at a specific set of learners. They elicit limited, focused and authentic responses if best practices are followed. The feedback collected in this manner is analyzed and serves as an insight into the learning process, as a foundation for promoting self-reflective learning and through its subsequent summary and discussion as a timely possible intervention tool, to make adjustments to both teaching and learning through a devised strategic action plan.

For a more through and engaging dissection of the topic, please view my Prezi on TDFF:

http://prezi.com/rckycvq2e2b9/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy&rc=ex0share

Experience…

“No philosophy, theory or model can possibly capture or explain every single aspect of the idiosyncratic reality that is your own experience as a teacher” (Brookfield, 2006, p.265). 

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credit: inspirably.com

Objective: The context for Brookfield was in regard to standardized models and approaches for effective teaching. He attempts to bring awareness to the fact that there is no correct formula for educational enlightenment due to the fact that teaching is highly situational and educator responses are based on their prior learning experiences. The educator is thus a lifelong learner, particularly adept in experiential learning and continually seeking professional development.

Reflective: The motive for choosing this quote is due to the fact that I am intrigued by the prospect of efficacy in teaching, ensuring that it follows the best practices of educational literature. The reality, as portrayed by Brookfield, is that there is no absolute correct theory and there will be numerous factors affecting the approaches I select. Each course will be comprised of diverse individuals that can teach me valuable lessons and direct my instructional decisions.

Interpretive: The insights obtained from this quote are in regard to the notion of progress and not perfection. It brings into perspective the ultimate goal of teaching, the product of learning, and how that can unfold in reality. There may be instances where philosophies, theories and strategic lesson plans may capture effective teaching and other times where an inexplicable gut feeling may be the contextually proper solution. The transformative learning as a result of this quote is that teaching is complex, and unlike math, there is no absolute right or wrong answer. This can be intimidating to someone who is familiar with Science, such as myself, however, I have recently learned to value the benefits of the unknown and experience every learning opportunity with a positive, growth mindset mentality (Smilkstein, 2011).  The four stages of Kolb’s experiential learning cycle are: concrete experience (CE), Reflective observation (RO), abstract conceptualization (AC) and active experimentation (AC) (Merriam & Bierema, 2014). This has significant implications for experienced educators as they can continually progress through the cycle throughout their careers and thus have valuable experience based educational insights, which they can model and further use to mentor younger educators.

Decisional: One important aspect as a result of this quote, is the notion of a private teaching journal. This journal would be a compilation of my teaching successes as well as perhaps challenging endeavors. I believe it would be a wonderful resource for reflection, on my personal and professional growth as well as a document to revisit in times of momentous paradigm shifts within education. As my vision, philosophies and values change with increased knowledge and experience, I can continually re-evaluate scenarios and devise alternate means of action. As Lindeman points out “the resource of highest value in adult education is the learner’s experience” (1961, p.6), which is precisely how I view the adult educator, as a lifelong learner committed to being a reflective practitioner with the goal of advancing the scholarship of teaching and learning.

Educator Burnout

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Source: www.wolfescape.com

Pursuing a career as an educator is a momentous decision! It is driven by the spark, passion and dedication to a compelling vision that “in a gentle way you can shake the world” – Gandhi.

However, teaching is considered to be one of the most stressful professions with similar levels of stress to those of paramedics, police officers, and social service workers. The prolonged exposure to stress, work load and ineffective coping strategies can lead to educator burnout.

What exactly is then, educator burnout?

“Burnout can be described as a condition based on the protracted depletion of an individual‘s energies, characterized by emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and feelings of insufficiency and depersonalization. Burnout features certain facets and other characteristics that are related to the individual, always context- and/or organization related and influenced by living conditions” (Bährer-Kohler, 2013, p1).

The three main categories developed in the Maslach Burnout Inventory are:

  • Emotional Exhaustion
  • Depersonalization
  • Dissatisfaction with Personal Accomplishment

Let us observe the distinciton between stress and burnout.

Stress vs. Burnout
Stress Burnout
Characterized by overengagement Characterized by disengagement
Emotions are overreactive Emotions are blunted
Produces urgency and hyperactivity Produces helplessness and hopelessness
Loss of energy Loss of motivation, ideals, and hope
Leads to anxiety disorders Leads to detachment and depression
Primary damage is physical Primary damage is emotional
May kill you prematurely May make life seem not worth living

Source: Stress and Burnout in Ministry

Prevention and Intervention Measures:

The suggested first order change intervention measures focus on the individual educator:

  • Engage in a non-work hobby or interest
  • Maintain a balanced perspective on life
  • Get appropriate amounts of sleep
  • Eat a nutritionally balanced diet
  • Associate with psychologically healthy colleagues
  • Travel often, get away on weekends
  • Set realistic goals for students
  • Structure the work day to include breaks from direct and continuous student contact
  • Exercise regularly
  • Developing effective time-management skills and a growth mindset mentality

The suggested second order change intervention measures focus on the environment in which the individual educator functions. This relates to the level of institutional support, where good teaching is rewarded as handsomely as good research and a balanced lifestyle is encouraged.

  • Involving staff in decision making
  • Involving staff in program development
  • Involving staff in goal setting
  • Providing yearly staff retreats
  • Providing workout centers for staff
  • Establishing case load ceilings
  • Hiring more paraprofessionals
  • Providing flextime opportunities
  • Offering a workshop in dealing with difficult people
  • Offering a workshop discussing educator burnout

Recognizing the warning signs of burnout and devising a strategic intervention plan that is focused on self-care is essential in ensuring that the passion and spark return. The first thing on the “to-do list” is to relax, take care of yourself and enjoy the summer vacation!

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Source: jornalggn.com.br

Reflective Facilitator Badge

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Credit: http://scope.bccampus.ca

What an amazing five weeks I had taking the FLO (Facilitating Learning Online) workshop offered by BC Campus. The facilitators were exemplary in their modelling, facilitation strategies and prompt, authentic, growth-oriented feedback!!

Moreover, the group of colleagues in the workshop was very diverse with intriguing educational backgrounds, thus contributing tremendously to the collaborative learning experience. The active learner activities as well as facilitation mini-sessions were engaging, relevant and directly applicable to academia. The rich online resources were thought provoking, current and at a scholarly academic level. The numerous online tools available were quite neat, as I have a newfound appreciation for digital technology and how time consuming it can be! 😉

I am thrilled to have obtained the Reflective Facilitator Badge and highly recommend this workshop to educators from all disciplines.

The Reflective Facilitator can:

1) Build & sustain online community:

Assess community building elements and strategies in online activities and courses
Use appropriate strategies to support adult learners online
Use strategies and tools to establish and maintain instructor presence, and support learning and community goals

2) Support adult learners online:

Identify instructional issues and potential solutions to help adults learn online
Facilitate learning activities that accommodate diverse needs of adult learners

3) Facilitate group / teamwork online:

Discuss group dynamics in online collaborative activities
Demonstrate effective facilitation of collaborative group activities online

4) Demonstrate effective feedback and assessment:

Provide constructive, growth-oriented feedback to peers
Critically reflect on feedback and course experiences to self-evaluate work and learning

5) Manage the online course environment:

Articulate rationale for instructional choices (including tool selection)
Attend to “general housekeeping” of the online environment

Evaluation of Instruction

How do you evaluate yourself as an Instructor?

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Credit: pixshark.com

Effective Instructors have a comprehensive understanding of the importance of evaluation aimed at themselves. This ties in to the notion of being a reflective practitioner, being aware of the importance of this and the impact it has on your professional development.  Let us analyze various means to do this.

  • Student feedback prior, during and after a course can be a highly  recommended source of insights.
  • Peer coaching via mirroring, collaborative peer coaching or expert coaching can also be a great strategy.
  • Self-evaluation via reflective practice, through the use of self-evaluation questionnaires.
  • Self-observation via video/DVD which can illuminate in regard to behaviours we may not have been aware of.

The question arising next, is what the benefits are for instructor evaluation. Let us address that!

  • Professional Development, recognition, raises.
  • Opportunities for improved instructional design, student/teacher relationship and a positive learning community.
  • Fosters accountability.
  • Encourages reflective practice and provides a record of performance.

What tools do you or your institution use in the evaluation of instruction?

Top #10 Characteristics of a Great Teacher

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credit: www.pinterest.com

What makes a great teacher? What are the Institutional Standards of Instructor competencies?

I have researched a variety of sources that have numerous, lengthy and evidence-based Instructor competencies & characteristics and have compiled a Top #10 List:

#1: A great teacher is respectful of students, colleagues and institutions.

#2: A great teacher fosters a sense of belonging and builds a learning community.

#3: A great teacher clearly states the expectations & learning outcomes of the course.

#4: A great teacher conveys the implications & relevance of topics.

#5: A great teacher incorporates appropriate use of digital tools & technology.

#6: A great teacher initiates meta-cognitive strategies & reflection in her students.

#7: A great teacher facilitates student driven inquiry, discussion & discovery.

#8: A great teacher uses a variety of effective Instructional Strategies.

#9: A great teacher has high standards & fair assessment methods.

#10: A great teacher has excellent content knowledge in her field.

And while there are numerous other traits, characteristics and competencies (links to which can be found in the bottom of the resource section of this blog) I have chosen 10, which to me appear significant. Notice how content expertise is #10, it is very important yet not essential. A learning community, relevance, clear expectations and meta-cognitive strategies are much more essential if we are to maintain that learning is the intended outcome. A great teacher will exhaust this list and exhibit many more characteristics that contribute to her greatness!

On a side note, I found this link particularly useful and I appreciate the “What Less Effective Teachers Do Wrong” section. 😉

https://teachingcommons.stanford.edu/resources/teaching/planning-your-approach/characteristics-effective-teachers%20

Innovation in Digital Technology

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Credit: http://www.rudebaguette.com/2013/12/03/frances-launches-global-innovation-competition-to-find-next-industrial-star/

It is without a doubt evident that there is a paradigm shift within education and that digital technology takes centre stage, what is surprising, however, is the fact that there seems to be little innovation when it comes to the implementation of digital technology in the classroom.

The article: The Nerdy Teacher: Pedagogical identities for a digital age by Glynda Hull, John Scott & Jennifer Higgs was a wonderful read about how educators can achieve competency with digital technology by being immersed in “hands-on” activities via collaborative learning.

As opposed to presenting teachers with the “how to” of tool use, they had a different approach. They provided opportunities for the growth of artistic communities that designed and produced multimedia artifacts and digital videos. They used missions and scavenger hunts to increase creative confidence and encourage collaboration. As a result they integrated technology in a motivational manner that focused on collaboration, creativity and innovation.

I created a summary of the article, which can be heard via this podcast:

http://my.brainshark.com/The-Nerdy-Teacher-612123323

Choosing your Tools

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Credit: https://onlinelearninginsights.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/8183227679_ae1fc2d4d8_c.jpg

As educators design learning activities that best suit the needs of their students, it is important to address the tool selection process and reflect on it.

  • What are the advantages & disadvantages of using a particular tool for an online collaborative learning activity?
  • How can the educator address tool overload and have incentives to ensure students make use of that particular tool?
  • What selection criteria would you recommend when selecting a tool to support a collaborative learning activity?

Two tools that I have been recently introduced to are GoogleDocs and Prezi. Both these tools are widely used by educators and appeared on the well-known 2014 Top 100 Tools for Learning by Jane Hart with GoogleDocs ranking in at #2 and Prezi at #13. Have a look at other tools!

http://c4lpt.co.uk/top100tools/

Before deciding on any particular tool, one must consider the learning outcomes, the available resources and support they can provide for novice students. Other aspects to consider are the learner base and how that impacts tool selection, as introverts prefer asynchronous tools and extroverts thrive in synchronous tools.

Synchronous: existing or occurring at the same time* (e.g., Skype, Blackboard Collaborate, Google Hangouts, etc.)

Asynchronous: not occurring at the same time* (e.g., Moodle`s discussion forums, blog posts and comments, online bulletin boards, etc.)

Whatever tool you choose keep in mind that this is a process, and sometimes you learn by doing. Ask reflective questions for yourself in terms of tool selection and ask for feedback from your students as well to improve the overall course design!